Aneurysms

What are Aneurysms?

An aneurysm is a localised swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, usually caused by the weakening of the vessel wall. While aneurysms can develop in any blood vessel, they are most commonly found in the brain (cerebral aneurysms) or the aorta, the main artery in the body. If untreated, aneurysms can grow, potentially leading to rupture, which may result in life-threatening complications such as internal bleeding.

Types of Aneurysms

Aneurysms are classified based on their location and shape:

1. Cerebral Aneurysms (Intracranial):

   • Often form in arteries at the base of the brain.

   • Subtypes include saccular (berry-shaped), fusiform (spindle-shaped), and dissecting aneurysms.

2. Aortic Aneurysms:

   • Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Occur in the chest portion of the aorta.

   • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA): Found in the abdominal section of the aorta, more common in older adults.

3. Peripheral Aneurysms:

   • Occur in arteries other than the aorta, such as the femoral or popliteal arteries.

4. Other Locations:

   • Includes splenic or mesenteric arteries supplying organs like the spleen or intestines.

Symptoms of Aneurysms

Many aneurysms remain asymptomatic until they enlarge or rupture. When symptoms occur, they depend on the aneurysm’s size and location:

• Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms:

  • Headaches or pain above and behind the eye.

  • Vision changes or double vision.

  • Facial numbness or weakness.

• Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms:

  • Sudden, severe headache (often described as the “worst headache” of one’s life).

  • Nausea and vomiting.

  • Stiff neck or sensitivity to light.

  • Loss of consciousness or seizures.

• Aortic Aneurysms:

  • Thoracic: Chest pain, difficulty breathing, or coughing.

  • Abdominal: Pulsating sensation in the abdomen, back pain, or deep abdominal discomfort.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: Aneurysms are often detected incidentally during imaging for other conditions. Specific diagnostic methods include:

• Imaging: CT angiography, MRI, or ultrasound to visualise blood vessels and measure aneurysm size.

• Cerebral Angiography: For detailed images of brain blood vessels.

Treatment: Treatment depends on the size, location, and risk of rupture. Options include:

1. Monitoring:

   • Small, unruptured aneurysms may only require regular imaging to monitor growth.

2. Surgical Interventions:

   • Clipping: A surgical procedure to place a clip at the aneurysm’s base, stopping blood flow into it.

   • Endovascular Coiling: Minimally invasive technique using coils to induce clotting within the aneurysm.

3. Lifestyle Modifications and Medications:

   • Control of blood pressure and cholesterol.

   • Smoking cessation to reduce further weakening of blood vessels.

4. Emergency Treatment for Ruptures:

   • Immediate medical attention is critical for ruptured aneurysms to prevent further complications such as stroke or organ damage.

Conclusion

Aneurysms, while potentially dangerous, can often be effectively managed with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or are at risk, consult a healthcare professional promptly for evaluation. At Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center, we provide comprehensive care tailored to your specific needs, from diagnostic imaging to advanced surgical interventions. Visit us today to learn more about how we can help you on your health journey.