Back Pains

What is Back Pain?

Back pain is one of the most common health complaints worldwide, affecting people of all ages and lifestyles. It is characterised by discomfort, stiffness, or sharp pain in the back, which can range from mild to severe. While most cases of back pain are not serious and resolve with time, some may be caused by underlying medical conditions requiring further evaluation and treatment.

Types of Back Pain

Back pain can be broadly categorised into two main groups: mechanical and secondary back pain.

Mechanical Back PainThis is the most common type and occurs due to strain or structural issues in the spine. Common subtypes include:

• Muscle Strain or Ligament Sprain: Often caused by overuse, improper lifting, or sudden movements, leading to pain and stiffness.

• Herniated Disc: Occurs when the soft cushion between vertebrae bulges or ruptures, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain or numbness.

• Degenerative Disc Disease: Age-related wear and tear of spinal discs, leading to chronic pain or limited mobility.

• Facet Joint Pain: Caused by inflammation or arthritis in the small joints connecting the vertebrae, resulting in localised back pain.

Secondary Back PainThis results from other medical conditions or systemic issues, such as:

• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to nerve compression and pain radiating to the legs.

• Osteoporosis: Weak, brittle bones that can result in compression fractures of the spine.

• Infections or Tumours: Rare but serious causes, involving the bones, discs, or soft tissues in the back.

• Referred Pain: Pain originating from other organs, such as the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract, that manifests in the back.

Symptoms of Back Pain

The symptoms of back pain vary depending on its type and underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• Aching, stabbing, or sharp pain in the lower, middle, or upper back.

• Pain that worsens with movement, sitting, or standing for prolonged periods.

• Muscle stiffness or tightness, limiting mobility.

• Numbness, tingling, or weakness, especially in the legs (common in nerve-related back pain).

• Pain that radiates to the hips or down one or both legs (sciatica).

Warning Signs: Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain following an accident or trauma.

• Persistent pain that worsens over time or disrupts sleep.

• Neurological symptoms such as weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or difficulty walking.

• Unexplained weight loss or fever accompanying back pain.

  
  

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosis: A thorough evaluation is essential to identify the cause of back pain. Diagnostic steps may include:

• Detailed Medical History and Physical Examination: To assess symptoms, posture, and range of motion.

• Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to detect structural issues, injuries, or abnormalities.

• Blood Tests: To rule out infections, inflammatory conditions, or other systemic causes.

• Nerve Function Tests: Electromyography (EMG) to evaluate nerve and muscle function in cases of suspected nerve compression.

Treatment Options: Treatment varies depending on the cause and severity of back pain:

• Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the spine.

  • Practice good posture and ergonomics, especially during work or while lifting heavy objects.

  • Engage in regular low-impact exercises, such as walking or swimming, to strengthen the back muscles.

• Medication:

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, for mild to moderate pain.

  • Prescription medications, including muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs, for severe cases.

  • Injections, such as corticosteroids, for inflammation-related pain.

• Physical Therapy:

  • Tailored exercises to improve flexibility, strengthen the core muscles, and alleviate pain.

  • Manual therapy or spinal manipulation techniques for temporary pain relief.

• Surgical Interventions:

  • Required only for severe cases, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or fractures that do not respond to conservative treatments.

  • Common procedures include laminectomy, discectomy, or spinal fusion.

• Alternative Therapies:

  • Acupuncture, massage therapy, or chiropractic care for additional relief.

  • Mindfulness-based stress reduction or yoga to manage chronic back pain.

Conclusion

Back pain is a common yet diverse condition that can significantly impact your daily life. Understanding the type and cause of your back pain is key to finding the right treatment approach. At Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center, we offer expert evaluation and personalised treatment plans tailored to your needs. If you or a loved one are struggling with recurring or severe back pain, do not hesitate to seek professional advice. Let us help you regain comfort and mobility. Visit the Singapore Brain Spine Nerves Center today to learn more!