Microdiscectomy

What is Microdiscectomy?

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to treat herniated discs in the spine that are causing nerve compression. During the procedure, a small portion of the herniated disc pressing on the nerve root is removed, alleviating pain, numbness, and weakness. This technique is commonly performed on the lumbar spine (lower back), where herniated discs frequently occur. Microdiscectomy is an effective option for patients whose symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, medication, or lifestyle modifications.

Types of Microdiscectomy

The specific technique used in a microdiscectomy may vary depending on the location of the herniated disc and the surgeon’s approach. Common types include:

• Lumbar Microdiscectomy: The most common form of microdiscectomy, used to treat herniated discs in the lower back. This procedure alleviates sciatica and related leg pain caused by nerve root compression.

• Cervical Microdiscectomy: Performed for herniated discs in the neck region, this procedure targets nerve compression causing arm pain or numbness.

• Endoscopic-Assisted Microdiscectomy: This variation uses an endoscope for enhanced visualisation and requires smaller incisions, further reducing tissue disruption and recovery time.

Benefits of Microdiscectomy

Microdiscectomy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, making it a popular choice for treating herniated discs:

• Minimally Invasive Approach: The procedure involves smaller incisions, leading to less tissue damage and reduced postoperative pain.

• Faster Recovery Time: Patients typically experience a quicker return to normal activities compared to traditional surgeries.

• Effective Pain Relief: By removing the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve, the procedure provides immediate relief from radiating pain and neurological symptoms.

• Preservation of Spinal Stability: Only the damaged portion of the disc is removed, leaving the overall structure of the spine intact.

• Lower Risk of Complications: The minimally invasive nature of the surgery reduces risks such as infection and excessive blood loss.

Symptoms and Conditions Treated with Microdiscectomy

Microdiscectomy is most commonly used to address conditions that result in nerve compression and associated symptoms, including:

• Herniated or Bulging Discs: Disc material that protrudes or leaks, pressing on nearby nerve roots and causing pain or numbness.

• Sciatica: Pain that radiates down the leg, often due to nerve compression in the lumbar spine.

• Radiculopathy: Nerve irritation or inflammation leading to pain, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs.

• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, often caused by herniated discs, which compresses nerves.

Diagnosis and Treatment Process

Diagnosis: A thorough diagnostic evaluation is crucial to confirm the need for microdiscectomy and to rule out other conditions. Common steps include:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: To assess symptoms, nerve function, and range of motion.

• Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans are typically used to identify the location and severity of the herniated disc.

• Nerve Function Tests: Electromyography (EMG) may be conducted to evaluate the extent of nerve involvement.

Treatment: The microdiscectomy process involves several stages, including:

• Preoperative Planning: Detailed imaging is used to develop a precise surgical plan tailored to the patient’s condition.

• Surgical Procedure: Through a small incision, the surgeon uses specialised instruments to remove the herniated portion of the disc, relieving pressure on the affected nerve. The use of a microscope or magnifying tools ensures precision during the procedure.

• Postoperative Care: Patients are provided with a tailored rehabilitation plan, including physiotherapy exercises to improve strength and flexibility. Recovery is typically faster than with traditional surgeries.

Conclusion

Microdiscectomy is a highly effective and minimally invasive option for patients suffering from herniated discs and related symptoms such as sciatica or radiculopathy. By precisely removing the source of nerve compression, this procedure provides significant pain relief, quicker recovery, and improved quality of life. If you are experiencing persistent back or leg pain that has not responded to non-surgical treatments, schedule a consultation with our experienced team to explore whether microdiscectomy is the right solution for you.